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Conic Sections Basics

A free College Algebra lesson from the “Relating Algebra and Geometry” unit, with a worked example and practice problems including step-by-step solutions.

Conic sections are curves created by slicing cones. In College Algebra, the main goal is recognizing equation patterns and interpreting basic features.

What you'll learn

Why it matters: Orbits, lenses, reflectors, and architectural curves all come from conic sections. Recognizing the equation pattern helps students tell whether the graph is a circle, parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola before sketching.

Worked example

Problem. Which conic is represented by (x - 1)^2 + (y + 2)^2 = 16?

  1. Both x and y are squared.
  2. The squared terms have the same coefficient.
  3. This is a circle with radius 4.

Answer: circle

Practice problems

1. An equation with only x squared, such as y = x^2 + 3, is a...

Choices: Parabola · Circle · Ellipse · Line

Show solution
  1. Warm-up: First identify exactly what the question is asking: An equation with only x squared, such as y = x^2 + 3, is a...
  2. Use inverse operations to isolate the unknown, and keep both sides balanced at every step.
  3. One squared variable points to a parabola.
  4. Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.

Answer: Parabola

2. x^2 + y^2 = 25 represents a...

Choices: Circle · Line · Hyperbola · Cubic

Show solution
  1. Core Practice: First identify exactly what the question is asking: x^2 + y^2 = 25 represents a...
  2. Use inverse operations to isolate the unknown, and keep both sides balanced at every step.
  3. Equal squared terms.
  4. Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.

Answer: Circle

3. x^2 - y^2 = 9 is a basic pattern for a...

Choices: Hyperbola · Circle · Line · Absolute value graph

Show solution
  1. Challenge: First identify exactly what the question is asking: x^2 - y^2 = 9 is a basic pattern for a...
  2. Use inverse operations to isolate the unknown, and keep both sides balanced at every step.
  3. A difference of squared terms suggests a hyperbola.
  4. Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.

Answer: Hyperbola

4. For x^2 + y^2 = 36, what is the radius?

Show solution
  1. Circles: First identify exactly what the question is asking: For x^2 + y^2 = 36, what is the radius?
  2. For circle problems, connect the formula or theorem to the given radius, diameter, chord, arc, or center information.
  3. The radius squared is 36.
  4. Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 6 and make sense in the original problem.

Answer: 6

5. The graph of y = x^2 opens...

Choices: Up · Down · Left · Right

Show solution
  1. Parabolas: First identify exactly what the question is asking: The graph of y = x^2 opens...
  2. Use inverse operations to isolate the unknown, and keep both sides balanced at every step.
  3. The leading coefficient is positive.
  4. Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.

Answer: Up

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