Polynomial Division
A free College Algebra lesson from the “Polynomial Arithmetic and Theorems” unit, with a worked example and practice problems including step-by-step solutions.
Polynomial division rewrites one polynomial divided by another. Dividing by a monomial means dividing each term. A zero remainder indicates a factor.
What you'll learn
- Divide by monomials
- Interpret remainders
- Connect division to factors
Worked example
Problem. Divide (12x^3 + 6x^2) by 3x^2.
- Divide each term by 3x^2.
- 12x^3/3x^2 = 4x.
- 6x^2/3x^2 = 2.
Answer: 4x + 2
Practice problems
1. Divide 15x^4 by 5x.
Show solution
- Warm-up: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Divide 15x^4 by 5x.
- Choose the operation or relationship that matches the wording, then carry it out one clear step at a time.
- 15/5 = 3 and x^4/x = x^3.
- Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 3x^3 and make sense in the original problem.
Answer: 3x^3
2. Divide (10x^3 - 5x^2) by 5x^2.
Show solution
- Core Practice: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Divide (10x^3 - 5x^2) by 5x^2.
- Choose the operation or relationship that matches the wording, then carry it out one clear step at a time.
- Divide each term.
- Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 2x - 1 and make sense in the original problem.
Answer: 2x - 1
3. If division by x - 4 has remainder 0, then x - 4 is a...
Choices: Factor · Vertex · Coefficient · Domain
Show solution
- Challenge: First identify exactly what the question is asking: If division by x - 4 has remainder 0, then x - 4 is a...
- Compare each answer choice with the calculation or rule, and eliminate choices that do not satisfy the condition.
- Zero remainder means exact division.
- Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.
Answer: Factor
4. Divide (x^2 + 5x + 6) by (x + 2).
Choices: x + 3 · x + 2 · x - 3 · x^2 + 3
Show solution
- Factored Division: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Divide (x^2 + 5x + 6) by (x + 2).
- Use the structure of the expression to choose a factoring pattern, then check that the factors multiply back to the original expression.
- Factor the numerator as (x + 2)(x + 3).
- Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.
Answer: x + 3
5. For division by x - 4, what number is used in synthetic division?
Show solution
- Synthetic Division: First identify exactly what the question is asking: For division by x - 4, what number is used in synthetic division?
- Choose the operation or relationship that matches the wording, then carry it out one clear step at a time.
- Set x - 4 = 0.
- Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 4 and make sense in the original problem.
Answer: 4
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