Final Course Assessment
A free Logic lesson from the “Logic Applications and Final Review” unit, with a worked example and practice problems including step-by-step solutions.
The final Logic assessment is cumulative. It asks learners to translate claims, evaluate truth conditions, test arguments, use counterexamples, and explain reasoning clearly. Learning objective: Demonstrate readiness with statements, truth tables, arguments, quantifiers, counterexamples, and proof-ready explanations. Prerequisite: Review the lessons in this unit before starting.. Work in this lesson starts with ordinary language, then connects the idea to symbols only after the meaning is clear. Example 1: A truth-table question asks for cases; a counterexample question asks for one case that breaks a claim. Example 2: A validity question asks whether the conclusion must follow, not whether the sentences sound realistic. A common misconception is to treat familiar wording as proof; instead, check exactly what the statement says and what follows from it.
What you'll learn
- Demonstrate readiness with statements, truth tables, arguments, quantifiers, counterexamples, and proof-ready explanations
- Choose the reasoning tool that matches the statement
- Explain why an answer is valid, invalid, true, false, or unsupported
Worked example
Problem. Example case A (Final Course Assessment): Worked example: Which rule or habit best matches Final Course Assessment?
- Final Course Assessment targets a specific reasoning habit.
- Final Course Assessment focuses on demonstrate readiness with statements, truth tables, arguments, quantifiers, counterexamples, and proof-ready explanations.
- The other choices either overclaim or change the logical relationship.
Answer: Final Course Assessment focuses on demonstrate readiness with statements, truth tables, arguments, quantifiers, counterexamples, and proof-ready explanations.
Practice problems
1. Practice case A (Final Course Assessment): Classify the sentence "The number 18 is divisible by 3."
Choices: Statement · Question · Command · Fragment
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- It makes a claim that can be checked.
- Logic starts by deciding whether a sentence makes a true-or-false claim.
- The best classification is Statement.
Answer: Statement
2. Practice case B (Final Course Assessment): Which is a compound statement?
Choices: x is positive and x is even. · x is positive. · What is x? · Solve for x.
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- Course Review: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Practice case B (Final Course Assessment): Which is a compound statement?
- Compare each choice with the stated logical rule, and eliminate choices that change the claim's meaning.
- A compound statement joins simpler claims.
- The word and connects two claims.
- So the first choice is compound.
- Verify the selected choice by checking that it preserves the stated logical meaning and that the other choices change the rule or claim.
Answer: x is positive and x is even.
3. Practice case C (Final Course Assessment): Simplify the double negation ¬¬p.
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- Course Review: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Practice case C (Final Course Assessment): Simplify the double negation ¬¬p.
- Read the statement in plain English first, then match the symbol, connective, quantifier, or argument form to that meaning.
- The first negation flips p.
- The second negation flips it back.
- So ¬¬p is equivalent to p.
- Check the response against the original logical form: it should match p without changing the meaning.
Answer: p
4. Practice case D (Final Course Assessment): Which symbolic form matches "p or q" in standard mathematical logic?
Choices: p ∨ q · p ∧ q · ¬p · p ↔ q
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- Course Review: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Practice case D (Final Course Assessment): Which symbolic form matches "p or q" in standard mathematical logic?
- Compare each choice with the stated logical rule, and eliminate choices that change the claim's meaning.
- The word or is represented by ∨.
- Standard mathematical or is inclusive.
- So p or q becomes p ∨ q.
- Verify the selected choice by checking that it preserves the stated logical meaning and that the other choices change the rule or claim.
Answer: p ∨ q
5. Practice case E (Final Course Assessment): In the row p=False, q=True, r=True, what is p ↔ q?
Choices: True · False
Show solution
- Course Review: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Practice case E (Final Course Assessment): In the row p=False, q=True, r=True, what is p ↔ q?
- For symbolic logic, translate the symbols into plain English, then apply the truth condition for the connective.
- p is False and q is True.
- A biconditional is true when both parts have the same truth value.
- The final value is False.
- Verify the selected choice by checking that it preserves the stated logical meaning and that the other choices change the rule or claim.
Answer: False
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