Truth Tables for Not
A free Logic lesson from the “Truth Tables” unit, with a worked example and practice problems including step-by-step solutions.
Negation flips a truth value. If p is true, ¬p is false; if p is false, ¬p is true. Learning objective: Complete truth-table rows for negation. Prerequisite: No formal prerequisite. Work in this lesson starts with ordinary language, then connects the idea to symbols only after the meaning is clear. Example 1: If p is false, then ¬p is true. Example 2: If p is true and q is false, then p ∧ q is false while p ∨ q is true. A common misconception is to treat familiar wording as proof; instead, check exactly what the statement says and what follows from it.
What you'll learn
- Complete truth-table rows for negation
- Explain the idea in plain English before using symbols
- Use examples, non-examples, or counterexamples to check the reasoning
Worked example
Problem. Example case A (Truth Tables for Not): Worked example: If p is True, what is ¬p?
- Worked Example: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Example case A (Truth Tables for Not): Worked example: If p is True, what is ¬p?
- For symbolic logic, translate the symbols into plain English, then apply the truth condition for the connective.
- ¬ means not.
- Negation flips the truth value.
Answer: False
Practice problems
1. Practice case A (Truth Tables for Not): Practice: If p is True, what is ¬p?
Choices: True · False
Show solution
- Warm-up: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Practice case A (Truth Tables for Not): Practice: If p is True, what is ¬p?
- For symbolic logic, translate the symbols into plain English, then apply the truth condition for the connective.
- ¬ means not.
- Negation flips the truth value.
- So ¬p is False.
- Verify the selected choice by checking that it preserves the stated logical meaning and that the other choices change the rule or claim.
Answer: False
2. Practice case B (Truth Tables for Not): Practice: If p is True, what is ¬p?
Choices: True · False
Show solution
- Warm-up: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Practice case B (Truth Tables for Not): Practice: If p is True, what is ¬p?
- For symbolic logic, translate the symbols into plain English, then apply the truth condition for the connective.
- ¬ means not.
- Negation flips the truth value.
- So ¬p is False.
- Verify the selected choice by checking that it preserves the stated logical meaning and that the other choices change the rule or claim.
Answer: False
3. Practice case C (Truth Tables for Not): Practice: Translate ¬p into plain English.
Choices: not p · p · p and q · p or q
Show solution
- Read each symbol: ∧ = and, ∨ = or (inclusive), ¬ = not.
- ¬p reads as "not p".
- Keep the inclusive meaning of or unless told otherwise.
Answer: not p
4. Practice case D (Truth Tables for Not): Practice: Translate "p and not q" into symbols.
Choices: p ∧ ¬q · p ∨ ¬q · ¬p ∧ q · p ∧ q
Show solution
- Match each English word to its symbol: and = ∧, or = ∨, not = ¬.
- "p and not q" becomes p ∧ ¬q.
- Check that the connective and any negation are placed correctly.
Answer: p ∧ ¬q
5. Practice case E (Truth Tables for Not): Practice: If p is False, what is ¬p?
Choices: True · False
Show solution
- Core Practice: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Practice case E (Truth Tables for Not): Practice: If p is False, what is ¬p?
- For symbolic logic, translate the symbols into plain English, then apply the truth condition for the connective.
- ¬ means not.
- Negation flips the truth value.
- So ¬p is True.
- Verify the selected choice by checking that it preserves the stated logical meaning and that the other choices change the rule or claim.
Answer: True
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