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Domain and Range

A free Algebra II lesson from the “Functions and Notation” unit, with a worked example and practice problems including step-by-step solutions.

The domain is the set of allowed inputs. The range is the set of possible outputs. Restrictions can come from context, square roots, denominators, or a graph.

What you'll learn

Why it matters: Battery percentage, ticket sales, and pH all live inside fixed input and output ranges. Knowing the domain and range is what keeps an answer meaningful in context, and it is the first sanity check on every applied problem.

Worked example

Problem. A function is defined by the points (1, 5), (3, 7), and (6, 7). What is the range?

  1. The range is the set of y-values.
  2. The y-values are 5, 7, and 7.
  3. List repeats once: {5, 7}.

Answer: {5, 7}

Practice problems

1. For points (2, 8), (4, 9), and (6, 8), the domain is...

Choices: {2, 4, 6} · {8, 9} · {2, 8} · {4, 8, 9}

Show solution
  1. Warm-up: First identify exactly what the question is asking: For points (2, 8), (4, 9), and (6, 8), the domain is...
  2. For domain questions, identify input values that are allowed and watch for denominators, radicals, and context restrictions.
  3. Domain uses x-values.
  4. Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.

Answer: {2, 4, 6}

2. For points (2, 8), (4, 9), and (6, 8), the range is...

Choices: {8, 9} · {2, 4, 6} · {2, 8} · {4, 6}

Show solution
  1. Warm-up: First identify exactly what the question is asking: For points (2, 8), (4, 9), and (6, 8), the range is...
  2. For range questions, identify the possible output values after the input restrictions and graph shape are considered.
  3. Range uses y-values and removes repeats.
  4. Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.

Answer: {8, 9}

3. For f(x) = 1/(x - 5), what value is excluded from the domain?

Show solution
  1. Core Practice: First identify exactly what the question is asking: For f(x) = 1/(x - 5), what value is excluded from the domain?
  2. For function notation, treat the value inside parentheses as the input and carefully substitute it into the rule.
  3. The denominator cannot be zero.
  4. x - 5 = 0 when x = 5.
  5. Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 5 and make sense in the original problem.

Answer: 5

4. For g(x) = sqrt(x - 3), what is the smallest allowed x-value?

Show solution
  1. Core Practice: First identify exactly what the question is asking: For g(x) = sqrt(x - 3), what is the smallest allowed x-value?
  2. For radicals, separate perfect-square factors when simplifying and check whether the radicand has any restrictions.
  3. The expression under the square root must be at least 0.
  4. Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 3 and make sense in the original problem.

Answer: 3

5. A movie ticket price function uses number of tickets as the input. Which domain makes sense?

Choices: Whole numbers 0 or greater · All real numbers · Only negative numbers · Only decimals between 0 and 1

Show solution
  1. Challenge: First identify exactly what the question is asking: A movie ticket price function uses number of tickets as the input. Which domain makes sense?
  2. For function notation, treat the value inside parentheses as the input and carefully substitute it into the rule.
  3. You cannot buy a negative or fractional number of tickets.
  4. Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.

Answer: Whole numbers 0 or greater

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