What an Inverse Function Means
A free Precalculus lesson from the “Inverse Functions” unit, with a worked example and practice problems including step-by-step solutions.
An inverse reverses the input-output pairing of a function. This lesson is part of Precalculus: Advanced Functions, so the emphasis is on interpreting behavior, choosing the right representation, and explaining the result clearly rather than memorizing isolated algebra moves.
What you'll learn
- Explain inverse functions as relationships that undo each other
- Use what an inverse function means in symbolic and graph-based problems
- Check common mistakes before finalizing an answer
Worked example
Problem. f(3) = 12. What is f inverse(12)?
- f inverse undoes f, so it sends an output back to its input.
- f sends 3 to 12, so f inverse sends 12 back to 3.
- Check: f(3) = 12, so f inverse(12) = 3.
Answer: 3
Practice problems
1. f(3) = 12. What is f inverse(12)?
Show solution
- f inverse undoes f, so it sends an output back to its input.
- f sends 3 to 12, so f inverse sends 12 back to 3.
- Check: f(3) = 12, so f inverse(12) = 3.
Answer: 3
2. f inverse(14) = 4. What is f(4)?
Show solution
- Warm-up: First identify exactly what the question is asking: f inverse(14) = 4. What is f(4)?
- For inverse relationships, reverse the operations in the opposite order and check that the result undoes the original rule.
- If f inverse(14) = 4, then f reverses that pairing.
- f must send 4 back to 14.
- So f(4) = 14.
- Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 14 and make sense in the original problem.
Answer: 14
3. If f(5) = 16, what must f inverse(16) equal?
Choices: 5 · 16 · 17 · -5
Show solution
- Core Practice: First identify exactly what the question is asking: If f(5) = 16, what must f inverse(16) equal?
- For inverse relationships, reverse the operations in the opposite order and check that the result undoes the original rule.
- An inverse reverses the input-output pair.
- f sends 5 to 16.
- So f inverse sends 16 back to 5.
- Verify the selected choice by checking that it satisfies the original prompt and that the other choices fail the same test.
Answer: 5
4. g(x) = 3x + 6. Solving y = 3x + 6 for x gives the inverse rule g inverse(y) = (y - 6) / 3. Use it to find g inverse(15).
Show solution
- Start from the inverse rule g inverse(y) = (y - 6) / 3.
- Substitute y = 15: g inverse(15) = (15 - 6) / 3 = 9 / 3.
- 9 / 3 = 3, so g inverse(15) = 3.
Answer: 3
5. Because f inverse undoes f, what is f(f inverse(3))?
Show solution
- Applying f inverse and then f returns the starting value.
- f(f inverse(x)) = x for every x in the range of f.
- So f(f inverse(3)) = 3.
Answer: 3
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