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Unit 5 Review and Quiz

A free Precalculus lesson from the “Rational Functions” unit, with a worked example and practice problems including step-by-step solutions.

This checkpoint verifies rational-function behavior before exponential and logarithmic models. This lesson is part of Precalculus: Advanced Functions, so the emphasis is on interpreting behavior, choosing the right representation, and explaining the result clearly rather than memorizing isolated algebra moves.

What you'll learn

Why it matters: Rational functions model rates, constraints, efficiency, and quantities that change sharply near restricted inputs.

Worked example

Problem. What value is excluded from the domain of r(x) = (x + 1)/(x - 3)?

  1. Worked Example: First identify exactly what the question is asking: What value is excluded from the domain of r(x) = (x + 1)/(x - 3)?
  2. For domain questions, identify input values that are allowed and watch for denominators, radicals, and context restrictions.
  3. The denominator cannot be zero.
  4. Set x - 3 = 0.
  5. The excluded value is 3.
  6. Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 3 and make sense in the original problem.

Answer: 3

Practice problems

1. Unit review 1 (Rational Function Basics): What value is excluded from the domain of r(x) = (x + 1)/(x - 3)?

Show solution
  1. Unit Review: First identify exactly what the question is asking: What value is excluded from the domain of r(x) = (x + 1)/(x - 3)?
  2. For domain questions, identify input values that are allowed and watch for denominators, radicals, and context restrictions.
  3. The denominator cannot be zero.
  4. Set x - 3 = 0.
  5. The excluded value is 3.
  6. Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 3 and make sense in the original problem.

Answer: 3

2. Unit review 2 (Domain Restrictions and Holes): In r(x) = (x - 3)/((x - 3)(x + 5)), what occurs at x = 3?

Choices: a hole · a vertical asymptote · a horizontal asymptote · no restriction

Show solution
  1. The factor x minus the same value cancels.
  2. Canceled restrictions become holes.
  3. Uncanceled denominator factors become vertical asymptotes.

Answer: a hole

3. Unit review 3 (Vertical Asymptotes): Find the vertical asymptote x-value for r(x) = 3/(x - (4)).

Show solution
  1. Unit Review: First identify exactly what the question is asking: Find the vertical asymptote x-value for r(x) = 3/(x - (4)).
  2. Use inverse operations to isolate the unknown, and keep both sides balanced at every step.
  3. Set the denominator equal to 0.
  4. x - (4) = 0 gives x = 4.
  5. Because no factor cancels, this is a vertical asymptote.
  6. Check the result by substituting or estimating: the response should match 4 and make sense in the original problem.

Answer: 4

4. Unit review 4 (Horizontal and Slant Asymptotes): Find the slant asymptote of r(x) = (x^2 + 2)/(x - 1) by long division. Enter it as y = mx + b.

Show solution
  1. The numerator degree is one more than the denominator, so expect a slant asymptote.
  2. Long division of x^2 + 2 by x - 1 gives quotient x + 1 (remainder 3).
  3. The slant asymptote is the quotient line y = x + 1.

Answer: y = x + 1

5. Unit review 5 (Graphing Rational Functions): A sign chart for a rational graph helps decide:

Choices: whether each interval is above or below the x-axis · the exact font size of labels · the course order · the value of pi

Show solution
  1. Intervals are split by zeros and restrictions.
  2. Testing signs tells whether the graph is positive or negative.
  3. That helps place branches.

Answer: whether each interval is above or below the x-axis

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